How Does a Wet Scrubber Work to Treat Air Pollution?

A wet scrubber is a common air pollution control device that utilizes the interaction between liquid and gas to capture or neutralize pollutants in exhaust gases. After entering the scrubber, the pollutants react physically and chemically with the sprayed cleaning liquid, effectively removing them. The specific process involves the following steps:

  1. Exhaust Gas Enters the Scrubber: Exhaust gases are drawn into the scrubber by a fan and evenly distributed through an inlet distributor. This ensures sufficient contact surface area between the pollutants and the cleaning liquid.

  2. Liquid Spray Filtration: Inside the scrubber, cleaning liquid (usually water or specific chemical solutions) is sprayed in a mist form through nozzles, making full contact with the pollutants in the exhaust gases. These liquids capture harmful substances such as dust and acidic gases, reducing pollutant concentrations.

  3. Purified Emission: After the exhaust gases are cleaned, they exit through the outlet. The purified gases, which meet emission standards, are released into the atmosphere.

  4. Pollutant Collection and Treatment: The absorbed pollutants accumulate in the cleaning liquid. These liquids can be further treated using wastewater treatment systems to minimize secondary pollution.

Advantages:

  • Multi-Pollutant Treatment: Capable of handling dust, acidic gases, and odor pollutants simultaneously.
  • Stable Operation: Simple design, stable performance, and relatively easy maintenance.
  • Versatile Applications: Suitable for industries such as chemicals, metal processing, and electronics manufacturing that require exhaust gas treatment.
  • To enhance the efficiency of air pollution control, wet scrubbers are often combined with other technologies:

    1. Exhaust Dust Collection: Installing dust collection equipment upstream of the scrubber can remove large particulate matter first, reducing the scrubber's workload and extending its service life.

    2. Activated Carbon Filtration: The scrubbed exhaust gases can pass through activated carbon filtration units to adsorb residual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors, achieving stricter emission standards.

    3. UV Photolysis Technology: Used to treat exhaust gases containing hard-to-decompose compounds, UV photolysis breaks down pollutant molecular structures, converting them into harmless substances. When combined with wet scrubbers, it significantly improves the efficiency of treating complex exhaust gases.

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